The United States has introduced significant reforms to the H-2A and H-2B visa programs in 2025, expanding opportunities for seasonal foreign workers. These changes simplify the application process, increase flexibility, and provide greater protections for workers.
The H-2A visa is designated for seasonal agricultural jobs, including harvesting crops, operating farm machinery, and handling livestock. The H-2B visa applies to seasonal non-agricultural jobs in industries such as hospitality, landscaping, seafood processing, and construction. Both visas allow workers to stay in the U.S. for up to one year, with the possibility of renewal, and provide the option for family members to accompany them on H-4 visas, though they are not eligible for work.
New rules eliminate the restriction on eligible countries, allowing workers from any nation to apply. Standard grace periods have been introduced, granting workers 10 days before employment, 30 days after it ends, and up to 60 days if employment is terminated prematurely. Employment portability now permits workers to switch jobs as long as a new H-2 petition is filed, reducing delays in starting new employment.
Stronger worker protections prevent employers from charging recruitment fees, and whistleblower safeguards ensure workers can report violations without fear of retaliation. Clarification on immigrant intent now allows workers to pursue a green card or permanent employment without jeopardizing their visa status.
The annual cap for H-2B visas remains at 66,000, but an additional 64,716 supplemental visas have been allocated, particularly for returning workers and individuals from specific countries such as Haiti, Colombia, and Guatemala.
Eligibility for both visa programs requires employers to demonstrate a labor shortage and obtain certification from the Department of Labor. The maximum stay for workers is up to three years, with a required 60-day break before reapplying.
Common occupations under the H-2A visa include fruit and vegetable picking, farm equipment operation, livestock handling, and greenhouse work, with wages typically ranging from $15 to $20 per hour, depending on the state. The H-2B visa covers roles such as hotel housekeeping, restaurant staff, lifeguards, landscapers, seafood processing, and construction labor, with wages ranging from $12 to $18 per hour.
H-2A applications are accepted year-round based on employer demand, while H-2B applications are subject to a cap and are divided into two periods per fiscal year. The cap for April to September 2025 has already been reached, but supplemental visas remain available for returning workers and nationals from selected countries. Early application in the fiscal year increases the chances of securing a visa.
These changes make the H-2 visa programs more accessible and flexible, offering foreign workers greater opportunities to gain legal employment in the United States. Workers interested in applying should stay informed about job openings and ensure they meet the necessary requirements.
